Muhammad Shah Rangila (son of Khujista Akhter son of Bahadur shah) 1719-1748
A lot happened during his reign. Marathas sacked Delhi, defeated Mughals many a times, Nadir Shah paid his expensive visit to India, razed Peshawar, wazirabad, captured Lahore and west of the Indus mostly, defeated Mughals in the battle of Karnal, sacked delhi and then he himself crowned Muhammad Shah the emperor of Delhi and left with all the looted wealth to Persia.Ahmed Shah Durani also paid his visit to Delhi
He was an artist who was forcefully made to be an emperor by the Sayyed brothers. Muhammad Ibrahim who claimed to be the rightful heir to the throne was defeated in the battle of Hasanabad.
Muhammad Shah did a lot in the field of art and literature. It was in his reign that Urdu was made the official language of the court and court dresses were replaced with sherwani.
Ahmed Shah Bahadur (son of Muhamad Shah) 1748-1754
ascended the throne in the age of 22, he never took any military training thanks to his father who never was a fond of fighting but a lover of the art. He had to face a number of internal and external threats. Imad ul Mulk had a major role here. He is said to be the de facto ruler of the Mughal Empire and is alleged to have blinded the emperor and his mother before throwing them into the prison.
Alamgir ll (son of jahandar shah son of bahadur shah) 1754-1759)
Tried to follow the steps of Aurangzeb Alamgir, tried to follow the same old tactic of converting everything into security and rule by fear. He was 55 years of age and had no experience of administration or warfare, had spent most part of his life in prison. He was ascended to the throne by Immad ud din his vazir and later was beheaded by his vazir and was replaced with Shah jahan lll. In his reign Marathas rose to their maximum power and sacked Delhi many times. 1756 Ahmed Shah Abdali payed his visit and had 3rd battle of Pani Path with Marathas.
Shah Jahan lll (1759-1760)
was the son of mahi us Sunnah who was the son of Kambaksh who was the son of Aurangzeb. That’s the only thing significant about him.
Shah Alam ll or Ali Gauhar (1760-1788)
the unfortunate king who had to see a lot. He saw a lot of defeats that it’s hard to mention them all. Lost Bengal. patna, sirpur, birpur siwan wars. British taking the diwani rights and later taking the administrative rights as well. Marathas having a permanent seat in red fort , Sikhs entering delhi , west of Indus in the hands of Afghanis. About him it was said that sultanat e shah alam az Delhi ta Palam. He had many loyal friends, tried to re build Mughal army on modern basis I 1779, succeeded on many occasions but some decisions back fired and eventually costed the Mughals downfall. Ghulam qadir was made his vazir who blinded him one night and refused to accept the authority of Mughals. He was killed by Maratha leader shinde and Shah Alam was restored as the king. Mughals had now turned totally into puppet kings with no army or ay power to implement their laws or wills. In 1803 English entered Delhi, defeated the Marathas and now became the rulers of Delhi and the care taker of Mughal king.
Shah Jahan lV 1788
became emperor for a brief period of time.
Shah Alam ll (1788-1806)
second rule
Akbar Shah ll (1806-1837)
he actually saw the decline of Mughal Empire and knew that things have become irreversible as British was taking charge step aby step and in an organized way that Mughals were unable to challenge the authority of British on so many fronts. British had much more than military power in India it had connections, revenue, land, Indian servants in the form of proper employees of British and much more. Nawab of Awadh and Nawab of Hyderabad still payed their respect to Mughals, British instigated them to let go this practice and become independent rulers of their land, Awadh accepted it but nawab of Hyderabad remained loyal till the last.
Bahadur Shah Zafar (1837-1857);
last Mughal empire who enjoyed his days under the protection of British as the last king of Hindustan…
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